The European Parliament has decided to undertake a review of the Essay

The European Parliament has decided to undertake a review of the development of the Preliminary Reference Procedure under Articl - Essay Example Only the Court of Justice is accorded by such power to give preliminary rulings except in cases stated under Articles 275 and 276 TFEU and Article 10 of Protocol (No 36) on Transitional Provisions of the Treaty of Lisbon (OJEU 2008 C 115, p. 322). Legal luminaries explained that the procedure was laid to ensure the effectiveness of the cooperation of the Court of Justice and national courts. It eases the procedural mechanism (a) to ascertain what court has jurisdiction to hear and interpret question of laws with uniformity; (b) provide guidance for national courts in the application of this procedure. The question should also be stated in a legal form clearly, concisely and simply. Information must detail the subject on dispute, findings of factual situation and should be written in a tenor following possible applicable provision of laws with citation of national case-laws with correct references. The national court must provide ample reason which motivated the body to bring the ques tion to the Court of Justice for interpretation or validity as well as the relations of such stipulation to the national provisions. It must also have summary of relevant contentions of parties under such proceedings. The ruling will be rendered by the Court of Justice free of fees or charges. This ruling procedure is solely for the interpretation of statutes, provisions and not about laws application to facts of cases. The process tasked the Court of Justice to simply interpret the meaning of the statutes and provisions of Europian Union Law which will be stated in a formal reply, but the referring court will assume the responsibility to make conclusion from such reply. The Court of Justice will not assume jurisdiction on cases where there is no genuine dispute, question of law apparently is hypothetical or if the national court failed to give factual legal information of the case. Further, under this new provision, as stipulated in Article 267 TFEU, those who can submit a question of law are any of the Member State’s court or tribunal who is aiming at gaining clarified judicial interpretation of a law. The national court may or may not refer a question to the Court of Justice in a preliminary hearing in order to arrive at appropriate understanding of the provisions and therefore help hasten the resolve of an issue brought to its attention with sense of resoluteness. If it’s evident that correct interpretation of the rule of law is present, the question need not be raised to the Court of Justice for legal remedy. It is the role of the national court to provide reasons about the necessity for Court of Justice to give judgment on a question raised—which must be, by the way, contextualized on factual and legal contexts. To reiterate, only new questions of interpretation should be submitted to intentionally draw uniformity of understanding and application of European Union law to cases or when circumstance arise where an existing case-law is not applicable to such set of facts. Critics to this procedure however raised that the procedure seem inapplicable to labor laws because Member States

Na Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Na - Research Paper Example It appears that they are standing under a shade and their faces seem to be exposed to light rather than their backs because their shadows appear behind them. A clear-cut shape is the key to good composition in photocomposition. A frame affects the inside border but leaves the outside shape of your photo intact. From observation, it takes a while notice the color of the coat the man third from the left is putting on. The photographer seems to have not been steady while taking the photo resulting to a dull image. Ones eye is motion led by a figure in the content of the image that is going or pointing in a certain direction for example a glance in a certain direction. The photograph appears to be colored. Exposure lightens or darkens your whole photo. Using Exposure will create the effect of over- or underexposing your photo, and therefore is best for strong lightening or darkening. Overexposing your photo will brighten it until the lightest area of your photo is all white; underexposing it will darken it until the darkest area is all black. Be aware that using exposure will cause you to lose detail in the brightest or darkest areas. Mid-tone brightness lightens or darkens the middle tones of your photo while having relatively effect on the brightest and darkest tones. To avoid this, try using Mid-tone Brightness instead. Adjusting the mid-tone brightness effectively changes the slope of the transition between dark and light areas, without modifying these extremes. If the exposure of your photo is right, this is the best effect for lightening or darkening the image, since it will not lose any image fidelity when used moderately (Dickens, 9-12). Color Photos is the best since it gives us clear sense of feelings and also enable us to realise all the characteristics that is behind as far as the above picture is taken into account. Reviewing well this photo, I realise that it clearly represents my Family dynamics well