Alcohol Dependence Essay -- essays research papers

Alcohol Use Disorders are disorders that are caused by the intake of alcohol over a period of time and in ways that lead to harms with health, personal relationships, school, or work. Different alcohol use disorders comprise alcohol dependence, alcohol abuse, alcohol intoxication, and alcohol withdrawal. A person with alcohol dependence has an increased tolerance to alcohol or symptoms of withdrawal after the stop of alcohol ingestion. People who are dependent on alcohol may spend considerable amounts of time drinking alcohol despite the fact that they are fully knowledgeable of the destructive characteristics of the drug. A person abusing alcohol begins to disregard his/her responsibilities in school, at work, or socially because of alcohol use. Also, the alcohol abuser may engage in dangerous activities while intoxicated. Starting with using alcohol as a social drinker, a person will rapidly change their consumption to drinking for the purpose of getting drunk. These people are often drunk in public which leads to many arrests. Alcohol intoxication can often cause a person to undergo emotional conversions such as moodiness or irritability. The person may also experience physical changes like slurred speech and poor coordination. Extreme alcohol use may lead to memory loss called "blackouts". Alcohol Poisoning is when so much alcohol is consumed that death can occur if it is not pumped out of the stomach. Alcohol withdrawal follows the discontinuation of the heavy use of alcohol. It happens because the body has become dependent on the alcohol in the blood for small tasks. When the entire â€Å"normal amount† of alcohol is stopped suddenly, the body retaliates with increasingly horrific symptoms. The person in alcohol withdrawal m... ...ing a patient cope with withdrawal is Hour to Hour: The First 30 Days by Shelly Marshall. Another is Alcohol: How to Give it Up and Be Glad You Did, by Philip Tate. The Alcohol Treatment Referral Hotline, 1-800-ALCOHOL, provides help and referrals for people with concerns about alcohol or drug use. National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence hotline, 1-800-622-2255, connects people with survivors who can relate. The Alcohol and Drug Hotline, 1-800-821-4357, provides information on treatment centers and AA support groups. The National Drug and Alcohol Treatment Hotline, 1-800-662-HELP (1-800-662-4357), provides information on alcohol and drug abuse, local treatment options and to speak with someone about alcohol, drug or family problems. All of these resources can help a person in need. Please utilize them to assist yourself of a friend in finding treatment.

Man’s Impact on the Environment Essay

Pollution is the presence or introduction into the environment of a substance or thing that has harmful or poisonous effects. It is created mostly by human actions, but can also be a result of natural disasters. Pollution has a detrimental effect on every living organism in the environment, making it increasingly unsustainable for living organisms in the environment. to sustain life. Pollution harms the Earth’s environment and its inhabitants in many ways. The three main types of pollution are: Land Pollution, Air Pollution and Water Pollution. Read more: Bad Effects of Various Festivals on the Environment Land Pollution Land pollution is the degradation of Earth’s land surfaces often caused by human activities (industrial, commercial, domestic and agricultural) and their misuse of land resources. Land pollution is caused by the following:- †¢Chemical and nuclear plants †¢Industrial factories †¢Oil refineries †¢Human sewage †¢Oil †¢Mining †¢Littering †¢Overcrowded landfills †¢Deforestation †¢Construction debris †¢Non – biodegradable waste †¢Insecticides and Herbicides Chemical and Nuclear Plants Chemical and nuclear power plants produce waste materials. Some end up in landfills and other less safe storage facilities. Some leak, causing contamination of soil for hundreds of years before it is safe to grow crops on them again. Non – Biodegradable Waste Examples of these include: Mercury and Led. Harmful substances accumulate on the land and in turn become detrimental to the health of organisms not only on land, but animals in the air and in water. Insecticides and Biodegradable Most commonly used in the Agriculture Industry. These artificial methods of ridding plants and animals of pests and insects accumulate in organisms through the food chain which sometimes causes a death in the top consumers which further results in a destruction of the food chains and mutations.

The Purpose of the Declaration of Independence - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1255 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/04/26 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Declaration of Independence Essay Did you like this example? The Declaration of Independence is what our Nation was founded upon, as written by Thomas Jefferson himself and declared from there the freedom of breaking ties with Great Britain of the Thirteen American Colonies. It was specifically written to declare our Independence and create America. The Declaration of Independence plays an important role in our American democracy seeing as it lists the ideals or goals of our nation. We had to find a way to show the other foreign nations our reasoning behind separating ourselves from Great Britain. Congress had an idea of how to separate and decided to put a vote to it. They then decided to create a committee of five members to draft the Declaration itself to have as a base for future America. Thomas Jefferson was chosen from the bunch to write the letter, and he did so in a single day. The other four members were a part of the committee alongside Jefferson to help during this process. Jefferson had explained that a large group o f people have the right to change congress if they ever feel it became unfair or unreasonable. When Popular Sovereignty came into the picture, as states by Jefferson in the declaration, thats when a lot changed. We the people, for the people, by the people is what America became. All the power congress began to have was solely based on how and what the people chose. The people voices and their votes is what made America. Not every country to this day has popular sovereignty. It allows the system to go beyond the system, allowing Americans to have the right to vote for who they believe should be in office, and ultimately deciding who should run America. In large, the people are the source of all political power. The Universal truth about government regardless of its time, form or place. Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness are what these universal truths are also lied upon. Life, providing us with the best life in government. Liberty, allowing us as citizens of the Uni ted States of America to embrace our rights. Lastly, the Pursuit of Happiness. Set to ensure our happiness as American citizens, placing security on our stance to love our country. These are universal truths because they might not always be profound, but they are indeed true. Liberty is our freedom, and by having that freedom we can live in America and have the freedom to use our voices. The very phrase used in the Declaration of Independence that says Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness, is a saying that is showing us three different examples of unalienable rights. In the Declaration, it specifically points out that all humans that have been made by their creator, have also been given the unalienable rights. That is the purpose of governments, to protect our unalienable rights. Rights that we are unable to give up are referred to as Inalienable rights, even if we wanted to. In the Declaration of Independence, where the inalienable rights are found according to the c oncept of them, Liberty is such a right. In other terms, this basically means that we wouldnt be obligated to keep our word to a contact that we signed to be a slave, even though the contract was a part of the deal, no one would have a right to the persons services. People that have rights that are unalienable does not mean that one cannot be under attack in being imprisoned, arbitrarily killed, or otherwise, oppressed. In means that in being morally justified, such acts are not, and that we have ground for complaint in a moral sense. When referring to the idea that All Men are Created Equal, as a community it is often hard to understand what is truly meant here. However, it is known that Thomas Jefferson wrote that in the Declaration of Independence for good reason. It states that there are essentially two different ways in which all men†all persons, may be created equally. One of the ways, is the simple idea that we are all born into this world with our own rights or are politically equal together. This is a rule that essentially mirrors each other. No one person is by their birth, a subject to a ruler as well as no one person is by birth the ruler of others. The second way is that human equality goes much deeper than just the political equality. In this view, all people are considered of equal worth and equal value, or in the eyes of God, an equal as well. In the broad spectrum of things, the meaning we refer to, is all are created as moral equals. When Jefferson wrote the Declaration, he actually intended natural equality in both of these senses. Letter in the life of Jefferson he stated that when he was writing the Declaration he indeed did not voice any of his own views or opinions within it. He had to take a new perspective, and had to write as if it was an expression of the one and only American mind. According to the colonial Americans in 1776, common beliefs in both senses were part of natural human equality. With the term Purs uit of Happiness, we have to remember and really put forth the thought that when Thomas Jefferson did indeed write the Declaration of Independence, he made a very strong point to not use any of his own personal opinions, philosophy or emotions before the Declaration itself. As I had stated before, he made sure he could use it as an expression of the American mind instead. However, all else aside, it was hard to really understand if most of the American population had any idea as to what the pursuit of happiness really meant back then. Many may not know, but Jefferson himself did not invent the phrase, Pursuit of Happiness. Jefferson had instead read about this saying in one of John Lockes essayConcerning Human Understanding (1690), in where Locke talks about how the human mind tends to operate. In our modern American culture, the Declaration of Independence is still at our core. Without the start of the Declaration, we would not have had America. We certainly would not have t he government or political rules we have now. Freedom is a questionable thing, we may or may not have had it. Nowadays, the Declaration still has a position in America because it is there to remind the American people that it is part of their duty and it is their responsibility to take part in the Government. It is also a gentle reminder as to why we did decide to separate from England all those years ago. The Declaration signifies the start of our Nation, it also tends to remind the people to abolish or alter any government when, or if it becomes destructive or fails the people. The document known as the Declaration of Independence is what America was built up from, and it continues to stay so symbolic and be one of the most widely known document because of all it has done for our country. Along with this, Thomas Jefferson and the others that helped him in the process of creating this document had to take everything into account that they wished for the American people, both th en and now. It was never meant to be a temporary thing, and it will continue to go down in history as a permanent thing for all the reasons I listed in this essay. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Purpose of the Declaration of Independence" essay for you Create order

The Responsibilities Of A Manager Essay - 1100 Words

Nursing plays a very important role in healthcare. Nursing is not only about sticking people or giving medications. Nursing is a very complex field, because nurses are hands-on in patient care. Two essential jobs in nursing care are the managers and the bedside nurses. Both of these are needed to make sure the patient will receive the best care. These roles are guided by evidence-based practice, research, and theory knowledge; however, the core of nursing is based on the expected professional values that every nurse should possess. A manager of care is a very important role in nursing. A nurse manager holds a lot of responsibility. Over time, management scientists and theorists have developed and refined the duties of a manager. Although these scientists and theorists bring a different prospective, all their works combine to formulate the duties of a manager. Henri Fayol was the first to identify the responsibilities of a manager, and Luther Gulick extended the idea with the â€Å"seven activities of management† (Marquis B. L. and Huston C.J. 2015).The seven activities were planning, organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating, reporting, and budgeting (Marquis B. L. and Huston C.J. 2015). Theorists proposed the idea of managers needing to have great human relation skills. Worker satisfaction became the challenge. Mary Parker proposed her belief that managers should work with the employees not dictate over them (Marquis B. L. and Huston C.J.). Elton Mayo and his colleaguesShow MoreRelatedManagers resp onsibility1650 Words   |  7 PagesAssignment 1 Man11 Mark Coughlan 19594135 The mangers most basic responsibility is to focus people toward performance of work activities to achieve desired outcomes. A manager is someone who works with and through other people by co-ordinating their work activities to accomplish organisational goals. (Robbins, Stagg, Coulter, 2003, p.10) This definition states, the fundamental responsibility of a manager, is to accomplish the organisations objectives by getting things done through people. ThereRead MoreResponsibilities And Responsibilities Of A Project Manager1357 Words   |  6 PagesA project manager has many responsibilities and roles in a project. For a project manager to be successful, they must first guarantee that in the project all the responsibilities are clearly set and understood by all team members. By guaranteeing that the responsibilities and roles are assigned within the project team, this will help to ensure that the project will run smooth, with everyone knowing their roles and responsibilities. By having a successful project manager it will then offer the procurementRead MoreResponsibilities And Responsibilities Of General Mana ger1319 Words   |  6 PagesCHAPTER 9 Positions . Responsibilities General Manager All the heads; Finance, HR, Operations, Marketing, report to her. She is responsible for communicating to them and delegating tasks according to their departments, as well as leading them. She also oversees all the administrative functions and sees to it that there is effectiveness and efficiency in the business. Finance Head HR Head Operations Head Marketing head Prepare financial or regulatory reports required by lawsRead MoreResponsibilities Of A Project Manager1728 Words   |  7 Pages Name: Naveen Kumar Gadde Professor: Ravish Goyal CSU ID: 11557932 Charles Sturt University #Responsibilities of a Project Manager? Opinion of project Manager: Giving the project to the customer within the given time and with the allotted budget. Taking the feedback from the customers for the future purposes. Maintain a clear log between the customers and the team membersRead MoreResponsibilities of a Marketing Manager686 Words   |  3 Pagesof its marketing managers. It is difficult to generalize about the precise duties and responsibilities of marketing managers. The reason being if one were to do all of the activities that fall under the rubric of marketing, theyd be a communicator, seller, planner, researcher, analyst, product developer, supply chain specialist, online experience optimizer, or in other words, every activity that involves meeting a customers need would be a responsibility of a marketing manager. A busy person indeedRead MoreThe Responsibilities Of General Manager906 Words   |  4 PagesA general manager has many responsibilities, some of these responsibilities include recognizing, upholding, and improving the means of the organization to keep it running smoothly and successfully. This is difficult for just one person to take care of all these responsibilities, thus majority of companies have multiple managers depending on the size of the organization. A general manager is typically responsible for external and internal synerg ies changing environmental factors, government laws,Read MoreThe Responsibility Of Being A Project Manager1390 Words   |  6 PagesTaking on the responsibility of being a project manager can be multidimensional and very demanding but rewarding at the end. The roles of a project manager has the total responsibility for the successful planning, execution, monitoring, control and closure of a project. After a project manager take on a tasks that’s has been assigned to him/her from a client, the job is just beginning. They must first understand and have general knowledge about the task that has been put in their hand. The missionRead More Supervisors and Managers Responsibilities Essay1605 Words   |  7 Pages Supervisors and Managers share some similarities in that they oversee people however they have clear differences that can distinguish one from the other. Managers are usually occupied in four areas which include: planning, organizing, leading and coordinating activities for the organization. Like supervisors, managers give an organization purpose and leadership however their responsibilities are traditionally greater than that of a supervisor by executing responsibilities such as identifyingRead MoreResponsibilities Of A Social Work Manager909 Words   |  4 Pagesanother will of no interest, I found this to be true in my capacity as a social work manager as I compel in the style of leadership, however, the management style also known as controlling, repels me. Administrative Role of Most Competency I find I’m most comfortable in the leadership attribute of administration, as its intents are to motivate staff to take ownership and accountability for their responsibilities in meeting the organization’s goals by encouraging their input while ensuring theirRead MoreManager Responsibilities and Effective Delegation1463 Words   |  6 PagesMANAGER RESPONSABILITIES AND EFFECTIVE DELEGATION Management Responsibilities And the Effective Use of Delegation at My Current Organization Alex Solis University of Phoenix Abstract Delegation is the assignment of new or additional responsibilities to a subordinate. This paper will explain and examine how managers in my current organization delegate, as part of their responsibilities. As well as, how delegation is performed, and how it can better be used within one of the four functions

The Battle Of The Civil War - 1245 Words

The American Civil War, fought from 1861 to 1865, determined the condition of the United States. The Southern slave states, also known as the Confederate States of America upon their secession from the country, attempted to keep the system of slavery alive for as long as possible. Many combats were fought during this four-year period; specifically, the battle in the small town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania from July 1st – 3rd, 1863, proved to be a pivotal turning point in the war. Author Henry Pfanz describes the battle in great detail in his historical analysis, Gettysburg: The First Day, examining the choices and costs made by both the Union Army of the Potomac and the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia. The vital decisions made during†¦show more content†¦To Buford’s credit, his defensive skills proved to be paramount that morning. Leading multiple brigades, he successfully defended his men against Confederate forces: â€Å"Though the cavalry’s morn ing battle was essential to the Union success at Gettysburg, it seems not to have been the knock-down, drag-out fight that some of the cavalrymen claimed it to be†. Arguably, Buford also understood the land of Gettysburg better than any other general. He recognized the importance of high ground around Gettysburg; the hills were perfect for his advantage. More importantly, he recognized that if Confederate forces seized said hills in the adjacent land, Meade and the Union Army of the Potomac would not stand a chance. To prevent such disaster, Buford’s brigades set up camps west of Seminary Ridge. His personal headquarters, the Eagle Hotel, intersected Chambersburg and Washington streets in the northeast corner. Pfanz suggests that the people of Gettysburg even felt safe with Buford in their incidence: â€Å"Although they [people of Gettysburg] had seen Confederate campfires on South Mountain and had a near visit by Pettigrew’s brigade, the presence of Buford†™s troopers gave them a sense of security†. Buford’s excellent defensive strategies reflected the performance of his troops, and thus, saved the Union I Corps from potential obliteration by rebel forces for days to come. Initially,

An 18

An 18-Year-Olds Right Essay Ever since the end of prohibition in 1933 the United States government has placed theissue of MLDA (minimum legal drinking age) sensitively in the hands of the states, letting eachdecide for itself what the minimum age should be. At that time all agreed that the minimumlegal drinking age should be 21, where it remained for all states until 1970. Between 1970, and1975 a number of states (29 to be exact) played around with the idea of lowering that age to 20,19, and even 18 for some states. At this time the minimum age for other activities, like the rightto vote were being lowered as well. The argument was that if a person is considered an adult at18, and can serve his or her country and vote in its elections, he or she ought to be able to have adrink.(Toomey 1) This is exactly the way I feel about it. The drinking age should be lowered to18. During the period in the 70s when many states were lowering their drinking agesscientists started doing studies to determine whether or not the younger drinking ages had anyeffect on automobile accidents. These studies generally concluded that traffic accidentssignificantly increased among teenagers after the MLDA was lowered.(Toomey 1)It can,however, easily be argued that since these studies came out right after the drinking ages had beenlowered, they would naturally show that there was an increase in death among teenagers. Anytime you change something dramatically it takes a while for things to settle into a routine. If all of a sudden, for instance, you allow 18-year-olds to drink alcohol when before they couldnt,its going to take a while before that becomes the norm, and therefore less exciting and alluring. These studies would have been far more accurate if they had been done after society had adaptedto the change. When the government found that many of the states were lowering the drinking age to 18and 19, it began to worry about the safety of teens in those and neighboring states. One of theways that the government tried to discourage this was by offering increased highway incentivesfor any states who maintained a minimum. The states were only to quick to volunteer to raisetheir minimums. The government also threatened to reduce the amount of federal money offeredto the states for improvement of the highways. Obviously the states didnt want to lose anymoney so they complied with the government. Many people believe that there are other ways to decrease the number of accidents andteenage deaths associated with teenage drinking. Many states have Zero Tolerance Lawswhich severely punish underage teens who are driving with any blood alcohol in their bodies atall. The punishment is usually the loss of the offending teens license, and those officials whostand on the side of lowering the drinking age feel that this would be enough of a deterrent tokeep underage teens from drinking and driving. The current standard MLDA is 21, many feelthis is unfair because it crosses to many age and social barriers. For instance, many collegejuniors and seniors can drink, but sophomores and freshman cannot. This automatically breedsunlawful activity, because college freshman and sophomores cant party with their friendsaccording to the law. By the time most high school seniors graduate they have already turned18, and those who havent soon will. If the minimum drinking age were lowered to 18 or 19 i twould dramatically cut down on the number of incidents of illegal drinking on collegecampuses. A minimum drinking age of ten obviously makes no sense because no one would expecta 10-year-old to be able to distinguish between an alcoholic beverage and a non-alcoholic one. However 19 as a minimum drinking age is a much more realistic goal. The theory is that by 19most people have completed or are at least out of high school and are out functioning in a worldmuch older than that of their days in school. They are expected to be more mature, and to act asadults in all other ways. They can smoke, marry, have sexual relationships, have children, buylottery tickets, make contracts, and die, but in most states are still not old enough to have a drink,and many people feel this is wrong.(Drinking 1)By making young adults wait until their 21st birthday only breeds disaster, and makesunderage drinking seem more mysterious and desirable. Prohibition didnt stop the Americanpeople from drinking, it just forced them to do it in secret, much the way in which states with anMLDA of 21 do today. P opular thought dictates that lowering the MLDA to 19 would not have aharmful result, but a positive one instead.(Drinking 1)Representative Scott Klug from Washington visits many University campuses, and isalways asked by students why the federal government sets the legal drinking age at 21. Klugwho agrees with young adults, and is in favor of lowering the drinking age to 18 has recentlyintroduced The States Rights Act of 1996 which would end Washingtons financial coercion toadopt a national standard. Although the states are actually individually responsible for settingtheir own standards the government, in an effort to reduce the number of teenage deathsassociated with drunk driving, have imposed restraints on states who dont have MLDA of 21 bytaking away part of their federal aid for highway projects. By 1989 all 50 states had agreed toraise their MLDA to 21. Aushwitz diary EssayThose policies in the second category that are designed to limit access to alcoholicbeverages include raising the minimum legal drinking age, restricting the number, location, andhours of sale of stores that sell alcohol, and prohibiting the promotion of alcoholic beverages oncollege campuses. Still other laws like Dram shop laws, hold drinking establishments and insome cases private individuals, responsible for consequences due to underage drinking.(Gordis208)Choosing, implementing, and administering alcohol related policy in the United States is complex, and agencies other than those run by the government seek to influence policy, whichcan make the job of the federal, state, and local governments less burdensome at times andaggravating at others.Regardless of what the nay sawyers think about it, the ultimate authorityin the debate over the legal drinking age should rest with the states. The government hadoriginally given the states the right to choose their Mi nimum Legal Drinking Age, and I thinkthat it should continue to be that way. However, its also unconstitutional, in a way, to deny18-year-old adults the right to drink when they are afforded all others. If the United Statesexpects 18-year-olds to act like adults, register for the draft, and be responsible for themselves inlegal matters they ought to be able to have a drink now and again. Works Cited:.Castaneda, Carol J. La. drinking-age ruling rekindles debate. USA TODAY 17 March 1996,natl. ed.: A3. Drinking age is too high. The Observer. http://www.cwru.edu/orgs/observer/083096/forum1.html (Febuary 18, 1998: visited site September 30, 1998). Gordis, Enoch. Alcohol research and social policy: an overview. Alcohol Health ; ResearchWorld September 1996: 208. Toomey, Traci L., Carolyn Rosenfeld, and Alexander Wagenaar. The minimum legal drinkingage: history, effectiveness, and ongoing debate. Alcohol Health Research WorldSeptember 1996: 213. Tumulty, Brian. Should the Drinking Age Be a Federal Issue?. Gannet News Service 24 June1996, eastern ed.: S11.

‘Slavery in the Chocolate Industry’ Essay Example For Students

‘Slavery in the Chocolate Industry’ Essay ? Question 1: What are the systemic, corporate and individual ethical issues raised by this case? The article Slavery in the Chocolate Industry (Velasquez, 2012) is about child slavery in cocoa plantations in West Africa. Slavery in the chocolate industry case has systemic, corporate and individual ethical issues. First, from the point of systemic ethical issue, economic system should be taken into consideration. The price of cocoa beans had declined since 1996, which urged farmers to think about operate slavery to reduce the working costs. There is another systemic issue relates to the statutory aspect of slavery in the chocolate industry. Slavery is illegal on farms in the Ivory Coast but the law is rarely enforced, as it seems. (Kuski, 2012) The next point is corporate ethical issue by the case. Middlemen who grind and process cocoa beans they acquire and collect these with their own Trucks from the Ivory Coast and sell the product to manufacturers. That means the middlemen are conscious of the slavery labor problem. After the media attention since the British television company True Vision and antislavery group activities, U. S. Senator Tom Harkin and U. S. representative Eliot Engel, the members of the Chocolate Manufacturers Association and the World Cocoa Foundation, together with human rights groups and the Ivory Coast signed narrative of Cooperation. But the problem is they cannot control over anything because there are more than a million cocoa farms, most of them family farms and they located in rural regions in Africa. Lastly, there are some individual ethical issues whereby the Cocoa farmers are affected the most of the issue because it is illegal to use child slavery labor. The International labor Organization (ILO) termed forced labor as: â€Å"All work or service which is exacted from any person under the menace of a penalty and for which the said person has not offered himself voluntarily†. Also it is immorally wrong to take someone unwillingly. Another issue is the consumers who know the problem. That means us. Even if we know the companies names involved in this case we continue to buy and to consume or Chocolate Consumers aren’t kept so far removed from the Cocoa slavery issue that they are unaware or even be ignorant of the mentioned issue- so they have no apologize. Question 2: In your view is the kind of child slavery discussed in this case absolutely wrong no matter what or is it only relatively wrong i. e. if one happens to live in a society like ours that disapproves of Slavery? In the1979’s draft articles on State Responsibility, the International Law Commission suggested that state acts are international crimes if they seriously breach international peace, deny people the right of self-determination, or fail to guarantee human life and dignity (e. g. , slavery, genocide, and apartheid). Other breaches, according to the Draft Articles, are international torts. (International Law Commission Draft Articles, 1979) In my opinion, child slavery is completely wrong. Why should I force someone to work who would not want to do? Certainly the farmers are under some pressure as the prices of beans are seemingly pressed repeatedly. The trading price of cocoa is one of the most unpredictable ones. The price is determined by multiplying the bean price by a ratio of cocoa powder and cocoa butter. If the ratio falls below a certain number, than the production of cocoa generates a very low profit. It is these low profits and risky circumstances that lead farmers to buy children and use slave labor, rather than paying a fair price. (Zetterstrom, 2006) They also need to make meet an end- they may also have a family at home who have to be fed. On the other hand, one could, as the Geneva-based International Cocoa Initiative (a partnership between industry, civil society and labor groups) think, that child labor is largely a consequence of unsatisfactory school access and poverty. Laura Burke, 2012) So are the children assumed they had the blame for their enslavement, and get even more an accommodation by the farmers and work-a task in life? Slavery is absolutely wrong would certainly say all people from the West, including me, because we hold personal freedom as a right. In countries where there is a high child death rate due to poverty, and starvation, living as a slave could be s een as a preferable option compared to death or living on the street-if they did not get as in this case, better housing and better treatment. Everyone depends on everyone. .uf20db9fa6b9933ab8dd1b1c6ad4d9c5d , .uf20db9fa6b9933ab8dd1b1c6ad4d9c5d .postImageUrl , .uf20db9fa6b9933ab8dd1b1c6ad4d9c5d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf20db9fa6b9933ab8dd1b1c6ad4d9c5d , .uf20db9fa6b9933ab8dd1b1c6ad4d9c5d:hover , .uf20db9fa6b9933ab8dd1b1c6ad4d9c5d:visited , .uf20db9fa6b9933ab8dd1b1c6ad4d9c5d:active { border:0!important; } .uf20db9fa6b9933ab8dd1b1c6ad4d9c5d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf20db9fa6b9933ab8dd1b1c6ad4d9c5d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf20db9fa6b9933ab8dd1b1c6ad4d9c5d:active , .uf20db9fa6b9933ab8dd1b1c6ad4d9c5d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf20db9fa6b9933ab8dd1b1c6ad4d9c5d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf20db9fa6b9933ab8dd1b1c6ad4d9c5d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf20db9fa6b9933ab8dd1b1c6ad4d9c5d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf20db9fa6b9933ab8dd1b1c6ad4d9c5d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf20db9fa6b9933ab8dd1b1c6ad4d9c5d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf20db9fa6b9933ab8dd1b1c6ad4d9c5d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf20db9fa6b9933ab8dd1b1c6ad4d9c5d .uf20db9fa6b9933ab8dd1b1c6ad4d9c5d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf20db9fa6b9933ab8dd1b1c6ad4d9c5d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Gender socialization EssayIt is in the true sense of the word a vicious circle, of which is truly difficult to come out. As the farmer can live without feeling guilty, thats a good question. They do not have the right to mistreat people due to standing under pressure to have enough money. My opinion is that the major moral issue here is the treatment of the boys. Question 3: Who shares in the moral responsibility for the slavery occurring in the Chocolate industry? The term Morality deals with the norms, values and beliefs in social processes which describe right and wrong for everyone. Crane Matten, 2010) I believe all farmers, government, American chocolate Companies, D istributors, and Consumers share the moral responsibility in this case. All of them contribute to the continuation and practice of slavery. But the groups that can drive the greatest change to eliminate the use of slavery to harvest cocoa bean are the American Chocolate Companies, Distributors and Consumer who drive the prices for Chocolate. So the moral responsibility comes from the top. They are the string puller and the others are all their puppets, dance in that way they want them to dance. To carry moral obligation is not easy when it concerns slavery. How can the leaders of major corporations just stand back? Maybe they have a son the same age sitting at home. The large corporations seemingly hide themselves from any emotional obligations/bonds and follow the consumer society. African families think about voluntarily to send their children to such farms, so that money comes into the fund. One example is Yao, who was sent by his own father for hard work. I was living in Bouake with my grandmother, Yao Kouassi said. But my father sent me here to work. I have not seen my family for three years. (Humphrey Hawksley, 2011) So he had even been at a family place, from which he was expelled. That conduct shows a complicity of the African families. We as consumers should possibly think about us about informing us about the origin of the food we eat. Question 4: Consider the Bill that Representive Engle and Senator Harkin attempted to enact into a law, but which never became a law because of the lobbying efforts of the chocolate companies. What does this incident show about the view that â€Å"to be ethical it is enough for businesspeople to follow the law†? Although the bill would come through, that large corporations would probably only agreed on account of the law and not because of any ethical backgrounds. If they would provide their malfunction, they would have agreed with the first filing of the bill. This procrastination is an unethical way of thinking. So, is it sufficient that businesspeople act only according to the law and ethical matters may be hidden? In my opinion, every company goes down the tubes when it thinks only of money and leave ethical things out respectively favor profits than the ethical doings. (Parkhe, 2013) Ethic programs are mentioned in many companies compliance. They focus is on the employees duty to comply with laws and organizational codes. Often this results in a setting that makes you just what you have to do and also staying away from trouble. These attitudes and behavior disregards the ethical implications of the conduct and standards of conduct treats as mere obstacles to be overcome or avoided. So that means compliance stands for things that I have to do and ethics of what I could do. â€Å"The area of discretion between the legal â€Å"must† and the moral â€Å"should† presents challenges to our ethical consciousness. That is why there is a difference between what we have a right to do and what is right to do. † (Josephson Institute, 2010) If one uses the German pharmaceutical company Merck as a practical example you can see that for some companies also ethics can come first. .u5bcc3b62adde475882d04d492ffea75f , .u5bcc3b62adde475882d04d492ffea75f .postImageUrl , .u5bcc3b62adde475882d04d492ffea75f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5bcc3b62adde475882d04d492ffea75f , .u5bcc3b62adde475882d04d492ffea75f:hover , .u5bcc3b62adde475882d04d492ffea75f:visited , .u5bcc3b62adde475882d04d492ffea75f:active { border:0!important; } .u5bcc3b62adde475882d04d492ffea75f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5bcc3b62adde475882d04d492ffea75f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5bcc3b62adde475882d04d492ffea75f:active , .u5bcc3b62adde475882d04d492ffea75f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5bcc3b62adde475882d04d492ffea75f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5bcc3b62adde475882d04d492ffea75f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5bcc3b62adde475882d04d492ffea75f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5bcc3b62adde475882d04d492ffea75f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5bcc3b62adde475882d04d492ffea75f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5bcc3b62adde475882d04d492ffea75f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5bcc3b62adde475882d04d492ffea75f .u5bcc3b62adde475882d04d492ffea75f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5bcc3b62adde475882d04d492ffea75f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Plot Essay SummaryMany companies put profit ahead of ethics, as in the article the chocolate factories have done. The managers of Merck have spent several hundred million dollars on the introduction of a product, even though they knew that it will not be promising profitable. They felt they had an ethical obligation to make its potentially great benefits available to people. (Velasquez, 2006, p7) Other people as Milton Friedman put profit over ethics: â€Å"The social responsibility of business is to increase its profits†. (Friedman, 1970, p. 2) On the other hand some large companies, such as Starbucks, Amazon and American Express followed that example and put ethic s first. (Kulikowski, 2012) You see, there are also global companies they act ethically. Unfortunately, the major chocolate manufacturers apparently think otherwise. Words: 1. 399 References Crane, A, and Matten, D (2010) Business Ethics, Oxford University Press: Oxford Forced Labour Convention No. 29 (1930) Convention concerning Forced or Compulsory Labour(Entry into force: 01 May 1932) Available